Benefits
- Enhances immune response in immunocompromised patients (HIV, post-chemotherapy)strong
- Adjunct therapy for chronic hepatitis B and C — improves sustained viral responsestrong
- Improves vaccine response in elderly and immunosuppressed populationsmoderate
- Potential cancer immunotherapy adjunct — enhances response to checkpoint inhibitors and chemotherapymoderate
- COVID-19 immune support — studied as adjunct to reduce mortality in severe casespreliminary
- May restore immune balance in sepsis by preventing immunoparalysispreliminary
Dosage Protocols
| Route | Dosage Range | Frequency | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subcutaneous injection | 1.6 mg | 2× weekly | Standard maintenance dose used in most clinical trials and approved protocols |
| Subcutaneous injection | 1.6 mg | Daily | Acute/intensive protocol for active infections or pre-surgical immune priming |
| Subcutaneous injection | 0.8–1.6 mg | 3× weekly | Intermediate dosing used in some cancer adjunct and hepatitis combination protocols |
Medical disclaimer
Dosage information is provided for educational reference only. Always follow your prescriber's instructions and consult a qualified healthcare provider before starting any peptide protocol.
Side Effects
- Injection site redness, swelling, or discomfortcommon
- Mild fatigue following initial dosescommon
- Transient skin rash or urticariarare
- Low-grade fever (immune activation response)rare
- Theoretical risk of autoimmune flare in predisposed individuals due to immune stimulationserious
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Comparisons
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Tools
- Reconstitution CalculatorCalculate exactly how many units to draw on your syringe. Enter your vial size, bacteriostatic water volume, and desired dose.
- Dosage CalculatorFind evidence-based dosing ranges for any peptide. Adjust for body weight, experience level, and administration route.
- Cost CalculatorEstimate peptide costs per dose, per week, per month, and per year. Enter your vial price and dosing schedule to plan your budget.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Zadaxin (Thymosin Alpha-1) available in the United States?
Thymosin Alpha-1 has FDA orphan drug designation but is not yet FDA-approved for general use in the US. It is approved in over 35 countries including China, India, and several European and South American nations. In the US, it is available through compounding pharmacies and integrative medicine practitioners.
What is the difference between Thymosin Alpha-1 and Thymosin Beta-4?
Despite sharing the "thymosin" name, they have completely different structures, mechanisms, and uses. Thymosin Alpha-1 is a 28-amino acid immune modulator that enhances T-cell function and dendritic cell activity. Thymosin Beta-4 is a 43-amino acid peptide primarily involved in tissue repair, wound healing, and actin sequestration. They come from different fractions of the original thymus extract.
Can Thymosin Alpha-1 actually boost my immune system?
Thymosin Alpha-1 is one of the best-studied immune-modulating peptides with decades of clinical trial data. It specifically enhances T-cell maturation, activates dendritic cells, and shifts the immune response toward pathogen clearance. Unlike many supplements marketed as "immune boosters," Tα1 has robust evidence supporting its immunomodulatory effects, which is why it is an approved drug in many countries.
Is Thymosin Alpha-1 used for hepatitis treatment?
Yes. Thymosin Alpha-1 is approved in multiple countries as an adjunct therapy for chronic hepatitis B and C. Clinical trials have shown it improves sustained virological response when combined with standard antiviral therapy, particularly interferon-alpha. It is often used in patients who are poor responders to interferon alone.
Can Thymosin Alpha-1 be used alongside cancer treatment?
Research suggests Thymosin Alpha-1 may enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy and checkpoint inhibitors by boosting the immune system's anti-tumor response. Several clinical trials have investigated its use in melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and non-small cell lung cancer. It is used as an adjunct — not a standalone cancer treatment — and should only be considered under oncologist supervision.
References
Last updated: 2026-02-14